{"id":21868,"date":"2026-11-10T14:25:36","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T11:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/"},"modified":"2026-11-10T14:25:36","modified_gmt":"2026-11-10T11:25:36","slug":"tcp-ip-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP Nedir? TCP ve UDP Fark\u0131, TCP\/IP Katmanlar\u0131 ve Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#TCPIP_Katmanlari\" >TCP\/IP Katmanlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#TCP_Nedir_Nasil_Calisir\" >TCP Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#TCP_ve_UDP_Arasindaki_Fark\" >TCP ve UDP Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#IP_Adresi_ve_Port_Birlikte_Nasil_Calisir\" >IP Adresi ve Port Birlikte Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#TCPIP_ile_Ilgili_Yararli_Komutlar\" >TCP\/IP ile \u0130lgili Yararl\u0131 Komutlar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#Sik_Sorulan_Sorular\" >S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#TCPIP_bir_program_mi\" >TCP\/IP bir program m\u0131?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#Hangisi_daha_hizli_TCP_mi_UDP_mi\" >Hangisi daha h\u0131zl\u0131, TCP mi UDP mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir\/#TCPIP_ayarlari_nereden_degistirilir\" >TCP\/IP ayarlar\u0131 nereden de\u011fi\u015ftirilir?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong>, internetin ve \u00e7o\u011fu yerel a\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>ileti\u015fim protokolleri ailesidir<\/strong>. Ad\u0131n\u0131 en \u00f6nemli iki protokol\u00fcnden al\u0131r: <strong>IP (Internet Protocol)<\/strong> veriyi paketlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f halde do\u011fru adrese y\u00f6nlendirir, <strong>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<\/strong> ise bu paketlerin eksiksiz, s\u0131ras\u0131yla ve hatas\u0131z ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Web sayfas\u0131 a\u00e7mak, e-posta g\u00f6ndermek veya sunucuya SSH ile ba\u011flanmak TCP\/IP \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCPIP_Katmanlari\"><\/span>TCP\/IP Katmanlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP\/IP modeli (RFC 1122) ileti\u015fimi d\u00f6rt katmanda tan\u0131mlar. G\u00f6nderilen veri her katmanda kendi ba\u015fl\u0131k bilgisini ekleyerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 iner, kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta ters s\u0131rayla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"snc-table-wrap\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Katman<\/th><th>G\u00f6revi<\/th><th>\u00d6rnek protokoller<\/th><th>OSI kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>Uygulama<\/strong><\/td><td>Programlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 servisler<\/td><td>HTTP\/HTTPS, DNS, SMTP, IMAP, FTP, SSH<\/td><td>Uygulama, Sunum, Oturum (7-5)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/strong><\/td><td>Uygulamalar aras\u0131 veri aktar\u0131m\u0131, port numaralar\u0131<\/td><td>TCP, UDP<\/td><td>Ta\u015f\u0131ma (4)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>\u0130nternet<\/strong><\/td><td>Adresleme ve y\u00f6nlendirme (routing)<\/td><td>IPv4, IPv6, ICMP<\/td><td>A\u011f (3)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131 (link)<\/strong><\/td><td>Ayn\u0131 fiziksel a\u011fdaki cihazlar aras\u0131 iletim<\/td><td>Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ARP<\/td><td>Veri ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, Fiziksel (2-1)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OSI modeli<\/strong> 7 katmanl\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretimde kullan\u0131lan bir ba\u015fvuru modelidir; ger\u00e7ek internette kullan\u0131lan protokoller TCP\/IP modeline g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCP_Nedir_Nasil_Calisir\"><\/span>TCP Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP <strong>ba\u011flant\u0131 odakl\u0131<\/strong> bir protokold\u00fcr. Veri g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce iki taraf <strong>\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma (three-way handshake)<\/strong> ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130stemci sunucuya <strong>SYN<\/strong> g\u00f6nderir (ba\u011flant\u0131 iste\u011fi).<\/li>\n<li>Sunucu <strong>SYN-ACK<\/strong> ile yan\u0131t verir (iste\u011fi ald\u0131m, ben de haz\u0131r\u0131m).<\/li>\n<li>\u0130stemci <strong>ACK<\/strong> g\u00f6nderir; ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ard\u0131ndan TCP her paketi s\u0131ra numaras\u0131yla g\u00f6nderir, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131 (ACK) bekler, kaybolan paketleri yeniden g\u00f6nderir ve a\u011f\u0131n durumuna g\u00f6re g\u00f6nderim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar (ak\u0131\u015f ve t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc). Bu g\u00fcvenilirlik, az da olsa ek gecikme getirir. TCP&#8217;nin g\u00fcncel tan\u0131m\u0131 2022&#8217;de yay\u0131mlanan RFC 9293&#8217;t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCP_ve_UDP_Arasindaki_Fark\"><\/span>TCP ve UDP Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"snc-table-wrap\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th>TCP<\/th><th>UDP<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>Ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar (el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma)<\/td><td>Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z; do\u011frudan g\u00f6nderir<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>G\u00fcvenilirlik<\/strong><\/td><td>Teslim onay\u0131, yeniden g\u00f6nderim, s\u0131ralama<\/td><td>Garanti yok; kaybolan paket yeniden g\u00f6nderilmez<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>H\u0131z \/ gecikme<\/strong><\/td><td>Daha fazla ek y\u00fck<\/td><td>Daha hafif, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikme<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Kullan\u0131m<\/strong><\/td><td>Web (HTTP\/1.1, HTTP\/2), e-posta, dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131, SSH<\/td><td>DNS sorgular\u0131, canl\u0131 ses\/g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, oyunlar, VoIP, QUIC\/HTTP\/3<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basit bir benzetme: TCP iadeli taahh\u00fctl\u00fc posta, UDP ise s\u0131radan mektup gibidir. Online oyunlarda veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc aramada ge\u00e7 gelen bir paketin yeniden g\u00f6nderilmesi i\u015fe yaramaz; bu y\u00fczden UDP tercih edilir. HTTP\/3, TCP yerine UDP \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan QUIC protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi QUIC katman\u0131nda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_Adresi_ve_Port_Birlikte_Nasil_Calisir\"><\/span>IP Adresi ve Port Birlikte Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IP adresi paketi do\u011fru cihaza, <strong>port numaras\u0131<\/strong> ise o cihazdaki do\u011fru uygulamaya ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir web sunucusu HTTPS i\u00e7in TCP 443&#8217;\u00fc, SSH i\u00e7in TCP 22&#8217;yi dinler; DNS \u00e7o\u011funlukla UDP 53 kullan\u0131r. IP adresi ve port birlikte bir <strong>soket<\/strong> olu\u015fturur (\u00f6r. 203.0.113.10:443). Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ip-adresi-nedir-ipv4-ve-ipv6-arasindaki-farklar-nelerdir\/\">IP adresi nedir<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/port-nedir-en-cok-kullanilan-sunucu-portlari-ve-gorevleri\/\">port nedir<\/a> yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCPIP_ile_Ilgili_Yararli_Komutlar\"><\/span>TCP\/IP ile \u0130lgili Yararl\u0131 Komutlar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>ping alanadi.com<\/code>: Hedefe ICMP ile ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gecikmeyi g\u00f6sterir (bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ping-nedir-nasil-dusurulur\/\">ping nedir<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><code>tracert<\/code> (Windows) \/ <code>traceroute<\/code> (Linux, macOS): Paketlerin hedefe giderken ge\u00e7ti\u011fi y\u00f6nlendiricileri listeler.<\/li>\n<li><code>ipconfig \/all<\/code> (Windows) veya <code>ip addr<\/code> (Linux): Cihaz\u0131n IP ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><code>netstat -an<\/code> veya Linux&#8217;ta <code>ss -tulpn<\/code>: A\u00e7\u0131k TCP\/UDP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve dinlenen portlar\u0131 listeler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sunucunuzda hangi portlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131yla siz belirlersiniz. Tam y\u00f6netimli a\u011f ve port ayarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/vds-sunucu\">VDS sunucu<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/vps-sunucu\">VPS sunucu<\/a> paketlerimizi inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sik_Sorulan_Sorular\"><\/span>S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCPIP_bir_program_mi\"><\/span>TCP\/IP bir program m\u0131?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hay\u0131r. TCP\/IP bir kurallar (protokol) b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr; Windows, macOS, Linux, Android ve iOS bu protokolleri i\u015fletim sisteminin i\u00e7inde uygular. Ayr\u0131ca kurulum gerekmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hangisi_daha_hizli_TCP_mi_UDP_mi\"><\/span>Hangisi daha h\u0131zl\u0131, TCP mi UDP mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UDP&#8217;nin ek y\u00fck\u00fc daha azd\u0131r ve gecikmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; ancak teslim garantisi vermez. Do\u011frulu\u011fun \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu i\u015fler (web, dosya, e-posta) i\u00e7in TCP, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 i\u015fler i\u00e7in UDP kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCPIP_ayarlari_nereden_degistirilir\"><\/span>TCP\/IP ayarlar\u0131 nereden de\u011fi\u015ftirilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windows&#8217;ta Ayarlar &gt; A\u011f ve \u0130nternet &gt; ba\u011flant\u0131 &gt; IP atamas\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden IP, alt a\u011f maskesi, a\u011f ge\u00e7idi ve DNS elle girilebilir. \u00c7o\u011fu ev kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in otomatik (DHCP) ayar do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TCP\/IP, internetin ve \u00e7o\u011fu yerel a\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileti\u015fim protokolleri ailesidir. Ad\u0131n\u0131 en \u00f6nemli iki protokol\u00fcnden al\u0131r: IP (Internet Protocol) veriyi paketlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f halde do\u011fru adrese y\u00f6nlendirir, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ise bu paketlerin eksiksiz, s\u0131ras\u0131yla ve hatas\u0131z ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Web sayfas\u0131 a\u00e7mak, e-posta g\u00f6ndermek veya sunucuya SSH ile ba\u011flanmak TCP\/IP \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. TCP\/IP Katmanlar\u0131&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21872,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1523],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21868"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21868\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}