{"id":21770,"date":"2026-11-04T21:52:02","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T21:52:02","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:52:02","slug":"ipv4-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"IPv4 Nedir? Adres Yap\u0131s\u0131, Alt A\u011f Maskesi, CIDR ve IPv6 Fark\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_adresi_nasil_okunur\" >IPv4 adresi nas\u0131l okunur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#Ag_kismi_alt_ag_maskesi_ve_CIDR\" >A\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131, alt a\u011f maskesi ve CIDR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_adres_siniflari_A_B_C_D_E\" >IPv4 adres s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 (A, B, C, D, E)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#Ozel_private_ve_genel_public_IPv4_adresleri\" >\u00d6zel (private) ve genel (public) IPv4 adresleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#NAT_nedir_neden_kullanilir\" >NAT nedir, neden kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#Statik_ve_dinamik_IP_adresi\" >Statik ve dinamik IP adresi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_adresleri_neden_tukendi\" >IPv4 adresleri neden t\u00fckendi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_ile_IPv6_arasindaki_farklar\" >IPv4 ile IPv6 aras\u0131ndaki farklar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_adresinizi_nasil_ogrenirsiniz\" >IPv4 adresinizi nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frenirsiniz?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#Ne_zaman_ek_IPv4_adresine_ihtiyac_duyarsiniz\" >Ne zaman ek IPv4 adresine ihtiya\u00e7 duyars\u0131n\u0131z?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#Sik_sorulan_sorular\" >S\u0131k sorulan sorular<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_adresi_kac_haneden_olusur\" >IPv4 adresi ka\u00e7 haneden olu\u015fur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#192168_ile_baslayan_IP_adresi_ne_demek\" >192.168 ile ba\u015flayan IP adresi ne demek?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_adresleri_bitti_mi\" >IPv4 adresleri bitti mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#IPv4_mu_IPv6_mi_daha_hizli\" >IPv4 m\u00fc IPv6 m\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4-nedir\/#Bir_sunucuya_birden_fazla_IPv4_adresi_atanabilir_mi\" >Bir sunucuya birden fazla IPv4 adresi atanabilir mi?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>IPv4 nedir?<\/strong> IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4), internete ve yerel a\u011flara ba\u011fl\u0131 cihazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan 32 bitlik adresleme sistemidir. Bir IPv4 adresi noktalarla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve her biri 0\u2013255 aras\u0131nda olan d\u00f6rt say\u0131dan olu\u015fur (\u00f6r. <code>192.0.2.10<\/code>). 32 bit, toplam 2<sup>32<\/sup> yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,3 milyar farkl\u0131 adres demektir.<\/p>\n\n<p>IPv4 1981\u2019de RFC 791 ile tan\u0131mland\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 internet trafi\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu rehberde IPv4 adresinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, alt a\u011f maskesi ve CIDR g\u00f6sterimini, \u00f6zel ve genel IP aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, NAT\u2019\u0131, IPv4 adreslerinin neden t\u00fckendi\u011fini ve IPv4 ile IPv6 aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 anlat\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_adresi_nasil_okunur\"><\/span>IPv4 adresi nas\u0131l okunur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bir IPv4 adresi asl\u0131nda 32 tane 0 ve 1\u2019den olu\u015fur. Okumay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bu 32 bit, 8\u2019er bitlik d\u00f6rt gruba (<strong>oktet<\/strong>) b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr ve her oktet ondal\u0131k say\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th>1. oktet<\/th><th>2. oktet<\/th><th>3. oktet<\/th><th>4. oktet<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>Ondal\u0131k<\/strong><\/td><td>192<\/td><td>168<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>\u0130kili<\/strong><\/td><td>11000000<\/td><td>10101000<\/td><td>00000001<\/td><td>00001010<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>8 bit en fazla 255 de\u011ferini alabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in bir oktet 255\u2019ten b\u00fcy\u00fck olamaz; <code>192.168.1.300<\/code> ge\u00e7erli bir IPv4 adresi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ag_kismi_alt_ag_maskesi_ve_CIDR\"><\/span>A\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131, alt a\u011f maskesi ve CIDR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Her IPv4 adresi iki par\u00e7adan olu\u015fur: cihaz\u0131n hangi a\u011fda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren <strong>a\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131<\/strong> ve o a\u011f i\u00e7indeki cihaz\u0131 g\u00f6steren <strong>host k\u0131sm\u0131<\/strong>. S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nerede oldu\u011funu <strong>alt a\u011f maskesi<\/strong> (subnet mask) belirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin <code>255.255.255.0<\/code> maskesi, ilk 24 bitin a\u011f\u0131, son 8 bitin cihazlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 bilgi daha k\u0131sa olarak <strong>CIDR<\/strong> (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) g\u00f6sterimiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r: <code>192.0.2.0\/24<\/code> ifadesindeki \u201c\/24\u201d, a\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n 24 bit oldu\u011funu belirtir. S\u0131k kullan\u0131lan blok boyutlar\u0131:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>CIDR<\/th><th>Alt a\u011f maskesi<\/th><th>Toplam adres<\/th><th>Tipik kullan\u0131m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\/32<\/td><td>255.255.255.255<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Tek bir IP (\u00f6r. g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kural\u0131)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/30<\/td><td>255.255.255.252<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>\u0130ki y\u00f6nlendirici aras\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/29<\/td><td>255.255.255.248<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sunucu grubu<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/28<\/td><td>255.255.255.240<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>Birka\u00e7 sunucu ve servis<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/27<\/td><td>255.255.255.224<\/td><td>32<\/td><td>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletme a\u011f\u0131<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/26<\/td><td>255.255.255.192<\/td><td>64<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/vds-sunucu\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"133\" title=\"Tahsisli kaynakl\u0131 sanal sunucu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri\">Sanal sunucu<\/a> altyap\u0131s\u0131<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/25<\/td><td>255.255.255.128<\/td><td>128<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/hosting\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"126\" title=\"Web bar\u0131nd\u0131rma paketlerini inceleyin\">Hosting<\/a> altyap\u0131s\u0131<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/24<\/td><td>255.255.255.0<\/td><td>256<\/td><td>\u0130nternete BGP ile duyurulabilen en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck blok<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/22<\/td><td>255.255.252.0<\/td><td>1.024<\/td><td>Orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli a\u011f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\/16<\/td><td>255.255.0.0<\/td><td>65.536<\/td><td>B\u00fcy\u00fck kurumsal a\u011f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bir bloktaki ilk adres <strong>a\u011f adresi<\/strong>, son adres <strong>yay\u0131n (broadcast) adresidir<\/strong> ve cihazlara atanmaz; a\u011f ge\u00e7idi (gateway) de genellikle bir adres kullan\u0131r. Bu nedenle kullan\u0131labilir IP say\u0131s\u0131 toplamdan azd\u0131r: \u00f6rne\u011fin bir \/29 blokta 8 adresin 5\u2019i sunuculara atanabilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_adres_siniflari_A_B_C_D_E\"><\/span>IPv4 adres s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 (A, B, C, D, E)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0130nternetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda adresler sabit b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. 1993\u2019te CIDR\u2019a ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131flar art\u0131k y\u00f6nlendirmede kullan\u0131lmaz, ancak a\u011f e\u011fitimlerinde ve eski belgelerde h\u00e2l\u00e2 kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>S\u0131n\u0131f<\/th><th>\u0130lk oktet<\/th><th>Varsay\u0131lan maske<\/th><th>Kullan\u0131m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>A<\/td><td>1\u2013126<\/td><td>\/8<\/td><td>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011flar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>B<\/td><td>128\u2013191<\/td><td>\/16<\/td><td>Orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte a\u011flar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>C<\/td><td>192\u2013223<\/td><td>\/24<\/td><td>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u011flar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>D<\/td><td>224\u2013239<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>Multicast<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>E<\/td><td>240\u2013255<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>Deneysel, ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>127 ile ba\u015flayan adresler s\u0131n\u0131flara dahil edilmez; <code>127.0.0.0\/8<\/code> aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihaz\u0131n kendisini g\u00f6steren loopback (\u00f6r. <code>127.0.0.1<\/code>, \u201clocalhost\u201d) i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ozel_private_ve_genel_public_IPv4_adresleri\"><\/span>\u00d6zel (private) ve genel (public) IPv4 adresleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Genel IP adresi<\/strong> internette benzersizdir ve do\u011frudan eri\u015filebilir; sunucular, web siteleri ve e-posta sunucular\u0131 genel IP kullan\u0131r. <strong>\u00d6zel IP adresleri<\/strong> ise yaln\u0131zca yerel a\u011flarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, internette y\u00f6nlendirilmez ve farkl\u0131 a\u011flarda tekrar tekrar kullan\u0131labilir. RFC 1918 ile ayr\u0131lan \u00f6zel aral\u0131klar ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bloklar:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Aral\u0131k<\/th><th>Ama\u00e7<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><code>10.0.0.0\/8<\/code><\/td><td>\u00d6zel a\u011f (b\u00fcy\u00fck kurumsal a\u011flar, bulut i\u00e7 a\u011flar\u0131)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>172.16.0.0\/12<\/code><\/td><td>\u00d6zel a\u011f (172.16.0.0 \u2013 172.31.255.255)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>192.168.0.0\/16<\/code><\/td><td>\u00d6zel a\u011f (ev ve ofis modemleri)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>100.64.0.0\/10<\/code><\/td><td>Operat\u00f6r NAT\u2019\u0131 (CGNAT) i\u00e7in payla\u015f\u0131lan adres alan\u0131<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>127.0.0.0\/8<\/code><\/td><td>Loopback<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>169.254.0.0\/16<\/code><\/td><td>Link-local; DHCP\u2019den adres al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik atan\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>192.0.2.0\/24<\/code>, <code>198.51.100.0\/24<\/code>, <code>203.0.113.0\/24<\/code><\/td><td>Belgeleme ve \u00f6rnekler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>224.0.0.0\/4<\/code><\/td><td>Multicast<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z <code>169.254.x.x<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan bir adres al\u0131yorsa, a\u011fdaki DHCP sunucusundan (genellikle modem) adres alam\u0131yor demektir; kablo ve modem ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NAT_nedir_neden_kullanilir\"><\/span>NAT nedir, neden kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Evinizde onlarca cihaz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen internet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan genellikle tek bir genel IP al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Modeminiz <strong>NAT<\/strong> (Network Address Translation) ile \u00f6zel IP\u2019li cihazlar\u0131n trafi\u011fini bu tek genel IP \u00fczerinden internete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. NAT, IPv4 adres s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llarca hafifletti; ancak d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan cihaza do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden sunucular, oyun sunucular\u0131 ve VPN gibi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filmesi gereken hizmetler kendi genel IP adresine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Baz\u0131 operat\u00f6rler ise m\u00fc\u015fterilerini bir kat daha NAT\u2019\u0131n arkas\u0131na al\u0131r (CGNAT); bu durumda modeminizde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz WAN adresi <code>100.64.x.x<\/code> ile ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statik_ve_dinamik_IP_adresi\"><\/span>Statik ve dinamik IP adresi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Dinamik IP<\/strong>, ba\u011flant\u0131 her yenilendi\u011finde de\u011fi\u015febilen adrestir ve ev internetinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. <strong>Statik IP<\/strong> ise sabittir; sunucular, kamera kay\u0131t sistemleri, uzak masa\u00fcst\u00fc ve IP k\u0131s\u0131tlamal\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in gereklidir. Bir sunucu kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda (VDS, bulut veya <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/fiziksel-sunucu\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"86\" title=\"Tek kirac\u0131 fiziksel sunucu kiralama\">fiziksel sunucu<\/a>) size statik bir IPv4 adresi atan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_adresleri_neden_tukendi\"><\/span>IPv4 adresleri neden t\u00fckendi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>4,3 milyar adres, internetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar, sunucular ve IoT cihazlar\u0131yla h\u0131zla t\u00fckendi. Ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bloklar (\u00f6zel a\u011flar, multicast vb.) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kullan\u0131labilir alan daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Merkezi havuzu y\u00f6neten IANA son bloklar\u0131 2011\u2019de b\u00f6lgesel kay\u0131t kurulu\u015flar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131; Avrupa, Orta Do\u011fu ve Orta Asya\u2019dan sorumlu RIPE NCC ise Kas\u0131m 2019\u2019da son \/22 tahsisini yapt\u0131. Bug\u00fcn yeni IPv4 adresi ihtiyac\u0131, mevcut bloklar\u0131n devri (transfer) veya kiralanmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. Uzun vadeli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm IPv6\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_ile_IPv6_arasindaki_farklar\"><\/span>IPv4 ile IPv6 aras\u0131ndaki farklar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th>IPv4<\/th><th>IPv6<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>Adres uzunlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/td><td>32 bit<\/td><td>128 bit<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Adres say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,3 milyar<\/td><td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,4 \u00d7 10<sup>38<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>G\u00f6sterim<\/strong><\/td><td>Ondal\u0131k, noktal\u0131 (192.0.2.10)<\/td><td>Onalt\u0131l\u0131k, iki noktal\u0131 (2001:db8::10)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Ba\u015fl\u0131k (header)<\/strong><\/td><td>20\u201360 bayt, de\u011fi\u015fken<\/td><td>40 bayt sabit, uzant\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Adres atama<\/strong><\/td><td>Elle veya DHCP<\/td><td>Elle, SLAAC veya DHCPv6<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Broadcast<\/strong><\/td><td>Var<\/td><td>Yok (multicast ve anycast kullan\u0131l\u0131r)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>NAT ihtiyac\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>Yayg\u0131n<\/td><td>Adres bol oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in genellikle gerekmez<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>IPv6 yayg\u0131nla\u015fsa da internetteki bir\u00e7ok hizmet h\u00e2l\u00e2 yaln\u0131zca IPv4 ile eri\u015filebilir. Bu y\u00fczden sunucular \u00e7o\u011funlukla iki protokol\u00fc birlikte (<strong>dual-stack<\/strong>) \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. IP adreslerinin genel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ip-adresi-nedir-ipv4-ve-ipv6-arasindaki-farklar-nelerdir\/\">IP adresi nedir<\/a>, ge\u00e7i\u015f planlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4ten-ipv6ya-gecis\/\">IPv4\u2019ten IPv6\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/a> yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_adresinizi_nasil_ogrenirsiniz\"><\/span>IPv4 adresinizi nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frenirsiniz?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Windows:<\/strong> Komut isteminde <code>ipconfig<\/code> yaz\u0131n; \u201cIPv4 Adresi\u201d sat\u0131r\u0131 yerel (\u00f6zel) adresinizi g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Linux:<\/strong> <code>ip -4 addr<\/code> veya <code>hostname -I<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>macOS:<\/strong> <code>ipconfig getifaddr en0<\/code> (Wi-Fi i\u00e7in) komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genel IP adresi:<\/strong> Modeminizin internete \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 adresi g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in bir \u201cIP adresim nedir\u201d sitesini a\u00e7abilir ya da terminalde <code>curl -4 ifconfig.me<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ne_zaman_ek_IPv4_adresine_ihtiyac_duyarsiniz\"><\/span>Ne zaman ek IPv4 adresine ihtiya\u00e7 duyars\u0131n\u0131z?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>E-posta sunucusu i\u00e7in itibar\u0131 temiz ve ters DNS (RDNS) kayd\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir IP kullanmak,<\/li>\n<li>VPN, proxy veya birden fazla servisi farkl\u0131 IP\u2019lerden yay\u0131nlamak,<\/li>\n<li>Sanal sunucu veya hosting m\u00fc\u015fterilerine ayr\u0131 IP atamak,<\/li>\n<li>Kendi a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kendi ASN\u2019nizle BGP \u00fczerinden internete duyurmak (en az \/24 blok).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"75\" title=\"Sunucun veri merkezi ve altyap\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri\">Sunucun<\/a>\u2019da <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/ipv4-kiralama\">IPv4 kiralama<\/a> hizmetiyle \/29 (5 kullan\u0131labilir IP) ile \/22 (1.022 kullan\u0131labilir IP) aras\u0131nda blok kiralayabilirsiniz. T\u00fcm bloklarda RDNS kayd\u0131 tan\u0131mlanabilir; \/24 ve \/22 bloklar\u0131nda WHOIS kayd\u0131 sizin ad\u0131n\u0131za d\u00fczenlenebilir. Kendi a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 duyurmak i\u00e7in gereken otonom sistem numaras\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/asn-nedir\/\">ASN nedir<\/a> rehberimizde anlat\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sik_sorulan_sorular\"><\/span>S\u0131k sorulan sorular<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_adresi_kac_haneden_olusur\"><\/span>IPv4 adresi ka\u00e7 haneden olu\u015fur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bir IPv4 adresi 32 bittir ve noktalarla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt say\u0131dan olu\u015fur. Her say\u0131 0 ile 255 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in en uzun adres 15 karakterdir (\u00f6r. 255.255.255.255).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"192168_ile_baslayan_IP_adresi_ne_demek\"><\/span>192.168 ile ba\u015flayan IP adresi ne demek?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>192.168.0.0\/16 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel a\u011flar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu adresler ev ve ofis a\u011flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, internette y\u00f6nlendirilmez; d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya modeminizin genel IP adresiyle \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_adresleri_bitti_mi\"><\/span>IPv4 adresleri bitti mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kay\u0131t kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131tabilece\u011fi serbest havuz b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde t\u00fckendi. Yeni ihtiya\u00e7lar mevcut bloklar\u0131n devri veya kiralanmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor; IPv6 ise uzun vadeli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IPv4_mu_IPv6_mi_daha_hizli\"><\/span>IPv4 m\u00fc IPv6 m\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Protokol\u00fcn kendisi h\u0131z\u0131 belirgin \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmez; as\u0131l fark\u0131 a\u011f yolu ve operat\u00f6rlerin y\u00f6nlendirmesi yarat\u0131r. Baz\u0131 a\u011flarda IPv6 daha az NAT katman\u0131 nedeniyle daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikme verebilir.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bir_sunucuya_birden_fazla_IPv4_adresi_atanabilir_mi\"><\/span>Bir sunucuya birden fazla IPv4 adresi atanabilir mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Evet. Bir sunucunun a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fcne birden fazla IP tan\u0131mlanabilir; her siteye, servise veya sanal makineye ayr\u0131 IP vermek i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Sunucular\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in ek IP adresi gerekiyorsa<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/ipv4-kiralama\">IPv4 kiralama<\/a> sayfas\u0131nda blok boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel fiyatlar\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"snc-related wp-block-paragraph\" data-snc=\"rel20261105\"><strong>\u0130lgili:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv6-adres-planlamasi-gelecege-hazirlik\/\">IPv6 Adres Planlamas\u0131: Gelece\u011fe Haz\u0131rl\u0131k<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ipv4ten-ipv6ya-gecis\/\">IPv4\u2019ten IPv6\u2019ya Ge\u00e7i\u015f: A\u011f Y\u00f6netiminde Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/ip-adresi-nedir-ipv4-ve-ipv6-arasindaki-farklar-nelerdir\/\">IP Adresi Nedir? IPv4 ve IPv6 Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar Nelerdir?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IPv4 nedir? IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4), internete ve yerel a\u011flara ba\u011fl\u0131 cihazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan 32 bitlik adresleme sistemidir. Bir IPv4 adresi noktalarla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve her biri 0\u2013255 aras\u0131nda olan d\u00f6rt say\u0131dan olu\u015fur (\u00f6r. 192.0.2.10). 32 bit, toplam 232 yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,3 milyar farkl\u0131 adres demektir. IPv4 1981\u2019de RFC 791 ile tan\u0131mland\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21778,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1523],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21770\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucun.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}